Studies reveal the she in getting puSHEd around
Have you ever been told that you would not succeed in life because of your gender? If you are a boy, then most likely you have not, but if you are a girl, chances are this topic comes up quite often. Gender stereotyping is the generalization of a group’s characteristics based on their gender. Stereotypes about genders and behaviors are largely accepted and spread the idea that certain genders correlate with certain types of behaviors. However, this is not necessarily true. Gender stereotypes in schools are harmful because fewer women are found in more demanding fields, there is controlled exposure to certain biased books, and women are pushed into subjects they are not necessarily interested in.
Fewer women have been found in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. In “The Cost of Acting ‘Girly’: Gender Stereotypes and Educational Choices” by Marta Favara, it says, “The first argument is that teachers treat boys and girls differently in coeducational settings. They tend to interact with and encourage boys more than girls to take [STEM subjects] (Favara 11). It is entirely ludicrous that your favorite subjects are based on your gender, and the fact that teachers are pushing this is incredibly harmful to the mindset of students. It is no surprise that STEM fields are male-dominated if girls are told that they cannot study those fields. If teachers pushed these types of activities on everyone, then the gender-bias in the classroom would diminish.
It has been shown that even children’s books have slight gender biases. Researchers from the University of Barcelona claim ” Results have revealed that from the analysis conducted on the books sorted between the publication years 1980–2022, there is still a clear gender bias in the representation of male and female identities, as males are still predominant as main characters, active, heroic, independent , drivers… as opposed to women, who are mostly depicted as passive, dependent, emotional, caretakers, etc.” If you, as a woman or a man, only ever read books that depict your gender in certain ways, then of course you would naturally try to change to fit that bias. Women will also naturally be exposed to fewer books with female protagonists. Thus, it is no wonder that women in today’s society are less outgoing than men.
Even teachers gently push students into certain fields based on their gender. According to The Quarterly Journal of Economics, “These results provide a link between teacher stereotypes and teacher bias; they suggest that stronger male-math implicit associations of teachers interfere with their interaction with female students and their ability to be unbiased in the classroom, even unconsciously—for instance, when they recommend a high-school track to their students.” Teachers are subconsciously recommending students for courses based on gender simply because of societal bias. Women cannot change the fact that they are women. That shouldn’t be a factor in life. It is truly unfair that something uncontrollable could affect your future so drastically.
In summary, gender stereotypes in schools are extremely damaging because fewer women are found in STEM, they have limited exposure to specific biased media, and they force women into fields they are not always interested in. Even while writing this editorial, it was difficult to find any studies about gender stereotypes outside the United States. This truly goes to show how much people in today’s society are trying to ignore this ever growing problem. Gender does not equal potential for success. So please, whoever is reading this, do not fall victim to these unjust gender biases.
Kim Swenson • Feb 2, 2023 at 11:34 am
Very interesting article!
Cecilia Petit-Troup • Dec 16, 2022 at 9:22 pm
Great work, ladies! This is a topic near and dear to my heart.
I can attest to the reality of gender bias in the STEM fields, from career orientation as you point out, to advancement. I’m hardly from the first cohort of female engineers, yet even I can share several examples of direct verbal stereotyping and discrimination, from hearing “for a girl?!?” (from a classmate’s father, when I told him I would be majoring in Engineering–in the late 90’s) to “I thought you were serious about your career” (reaction from a friend’s manager, upon announcing her first pregnancy. This is a woman who spent 5 years earning a PhD in Chemical Engineering after her 4-year BS; how could anyone question her dedication to her work?)
I would also assert that gender-based discrimination isn’t exclusive to the STEM fields, though: even traditionally female professions such as nursing and teaching see higher representation of males in leadership roles. There are many factors contributing to this, including overt discrimination, unconscious biases, micro-aggressions, and–particularly in the US, practical reasons, such as lack of affordable child care.
I share this last point for two reasons:
1) I don’t want girls to be discouraged from pursuing STEM professions for fear of discrimination. We need the world’s best minds to go into these fields. In case there was any doubt about intrinsic abilities, I remember reading studies that showed women were actually better technology leaders during challenging times and another that showed they were better coders. Diversity of thought is critical to progress and innovation and we cannot afford to miss out on this talent if we let them/ourselves be afraid. I also know that many companies make a conscious effort to promote women to key leadership positions so that until equal representation becomes business as usual, they force a better distribution. I hope that by the time you enter the workforce, we’ll be in much better shape.
2) It means that the issues you outlined need to be resolved for ALL women – not just the ones interested in specific fields. Yes, back in prehistoric times, it was important to have someone strong (so probably a man, since they’re physically bigger and stronger than women) in charge of the tribe. But this instinctive definition of the ideal leader is no longer relevant, so we have to remind ourselves that the world has evolved faster than our instincts, making these instincts flawed. This will require continued education, as you’ve provided in your piece. In more practical terms, it also means we have to work on the structural issues holding women back and demand key changes such as more progressive parental leave policy and affordable child and elder care. I have faith in your generation to work on these issues so we can keep up with the rest of the world.
Thank you for the article–you’ve already taken a step toward progress.
PS: on a more tactical level, don’t be afraid to reach out to females in STEM for career discussions. We want to lift each other up and most of us feel a responsibility to help young people find a field that excites them–preferably in STEM, of course!